Better Decisions

Understanding EBITDA: A Guide for CPAs

Written by Glenn Dunlap | Aug 8, 2024 1:30:00 PM

When assessing a company’s financial health, CPAs often turn to EBITDA, an essential metric that stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. By focusing on these elements, CPAs can evaluate a company's ability to generate cash flow and meet its financial obligations, offering insights into its operational efficiency and financial health. This comprehensive guide will delve into what EBITDA is, when it becomes most important, and provide specific hypothetical examples to illustrate its use.

What is EBITDA?

EBITDA is a financial metric used to measure a company's profitability by excluding certain non-operating expenses. Here’s the formula:

Why EBITDA Matters

EBITDA is particularly useful for comparing the performance of different companies, as it provides a standardized measure of operating performance without the impact of varying accounting methods or financing structures. By excluding interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, EBITDA offers a clear view of a company’s operating efficiency.

EBITDA becomes crucial in several scenarios:

  1. Comparing Companies: It allows for a fair comparison between companies by removing the effects of financing and accounting decisions.
  2. Investment Decisions: Investors and venture capitalists use EBITDA to assess a company's profitability and potential for growth.
  3. Mergers and Acquisitions: When acquiring or merging with another company, EBITDA helps evaluate the target’s true earnings potential.
  4. Loan Agreements: Banks often use EBITDA to determine a company’s ability to repay loans, making it a critical factor in securing financing.

Example #1:

Imagine two companies in the manufacturing industry: ManuFacto and ProBuild Inc.

  • ManuFacto: Operating Profit = $15 million, Interest Expenses = $2 million, Taxes = $1.5 million, Depreciation = $2 million, Amortization = $1 million
  • ProBuild Inc.: Operating Profit = $12 million, Interest Expenses = $1.8 million, Taxes = $1.2 million, Depreciation = $1.5 million, Amortization = $0.8 million

Using the EBITDA formula:

  • ManuFacto’s EBITDA: $15M + $2M + $1.5M + $2M + $1M = $21.5 million
  • ProBuild Inc.’s EBITDA: $12M + $1.8M + $1.2M + $1.5M + $0.8M = $17.3 million

By comparing the EBITDA of both companies, investors can see that ManuFacto has a higher operating performance despite its higher interest expenses and taxes.

Example #2

A venture capital firm is deciding whether to invest in a startup, ConstructTech Solutions. The firm’s operating profit is $5 million, with $1 million in interest expenses, $0.7 million in taxes, $1.2 million in depreciation, and $0.6 million in amortization.

  • ConstructTech Solutions’ EBITDA: $5M + $1M + $0.7M + $1.2M + $0.6M = $8.5 million

The high EBITDA relative to its size indicates strong potential for profitability, making it an attractive investment.

Example #3

A large corporation, BigCorp, is considering acquiring SmallBiz. SmallBiz has an operating profit of $3 million, interest expenses of $0.4 million, taxes of $0.3 million, depreciation of $0.2 million, and amortization of $0.1 million.

  • SmallBiz’s EBITDA: $3M + $0.4M + $0.3M + $0.2M + $0.1M = $4 million

By focusing on SmallBiz’s EBITDA, BigCorp can assess the company’s true earning potential without the influence of its financing and tax strategies.

Managing EBITDA for Financial Health

For internal management, EBITDA’s value is debated, but it remains crucial due to its widespread use by banks, VCs, and investors. If a company's EBITDA is too low compared to their peers, management might consider increasing operating profit, reducing senior debt, or both.

EBITDA is a powerful tool for CPAs to assess a company’s financial health and operational efficiency. By focusing on core earnings and excluding non-operating expenses, EBITDA provides a clear, standardized measure that is essential for comparing companies, making investment decisions, and evaluating potential acquisitions. Understanding and managing EBITDA is critical for any company looking to sell, raise capital, or acquire competitors.

For those looking to benchmark their client's EBITDA against industry standards, our app Peerview Data offers a seamless solution, enabling comparisons with similar companies to provide valuable insights and identify these areas for improvement. Enhance your advisory capabilities and deliver data-driven recommendations with Peerview Data.